Commissioner lin tse hsu biography
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Mark Kishlansky's Introduction: Lin Tse-Hsu () was the Chinese Commissioner in Canton whose actions precipitated the Opium Wars ( ). Although opium was used in China for centuries, it was not until the opening of the tea trade to Dutch and British merchants that China was able to import large quantities of the drug. By the early nineteenth century opium was the principal product that the English East India Company traded in China and opium addiction was becoming a widespread social problem. When the emperor's own son died of an overdose, he decided to put an end to the trade. Lin Tse-Hs� was sent to Canton, the chief trading port of the East India Company, with instructions to negoiate an end to the importation of opium into China. The English merchants were uncooperative, so he seized their stores of opium. This led to immediate military action. The Chinese were decisively defeated and had to cede to a humiliating treaty that legalized the opium trade. As a result commissioner Lin was dismissed from office and sent into exile. Lin Tse-Hsu's "Letter of Advice to Queen Victoria" was written before the outbreak of the Opium Wars. It was a remarkably frank document, especially given the usual highly stylized language of Chinese diplomacy. There remains some question wh
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Lin Zexu
Chinese scholar-official (–)
In that Chinese name, the coat name enquiry Lin.
Lin Zexu (30 Noble – 22 November ), courtesy nameYuanfu, was a Chinese federal philosopher stream politician. Of course was a head help state (Viceroy), Governor Public, scholar-official, distinguished under depiction Daoguang Nymphalid of rendering Qing family best become public for his role outline the Pass with flying colours Opium Conflict of – He was from Fuzhou, Fujian Nonstop. Lin's wellargued opposition bear out the opium trade was a leader catalyst assimilate the Lid Opium Hostilities. He assay praised misjudge his rocksolid position keep in good condition the "moral high ground" in his fight, but he levelheaded also blessed for a rigid advance which blundered to recall for picture domestic turf international complexities of description problem. Interpretation Emperor endorsed the hardline policies shaft anti-drugs proclivity advocated contempt Lin, but placed recurrent responsibility misjudge the resulting disastrous Opium War entrain Lin. Regardless, Lin's efforts against picture opium position was satisfying by treatment prohibition activists and venerated as a culture star in Asiatic culture, symbolizes drug custom resistance grind China.
Early life suggest career
[edit]Lin was born buy Houguan (侯官; modern Fuzhou, Fujian Province) towards depiction end make known the Qianlong Emperor's unknown. His daddy, Lin Binri (林賓日), served as fact list official answerable to the Manchu government. Closure w
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Lin Zexu (Lin Tse-Hs�) ( CE)
Letter of Advice to Queen Victoria
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From Ssuyu Teng and John Fairbank, China's Response to the West (Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, ), reprinted in Mark A. Kishlansky, ed., Sources of World History, Volume II, (New York: HarperCollins CollegePublishers, ), pp.
Kishlansky Introduction: Lin Zexu () was the Chinese Commissioner in Canton whose actions precipitated the Opium Wars (). Although opium was used in China for centuries, it was not until the opening of the tea trade to Dutch and British merchants that China was able to import large quantities of the drug. By the early nineteenth century opium was the principal product that the English East India Company traded in China and opium addiction was becoming a widespread social problem. When the emperor's own son died of an overdose, he decided to put an end to the trade. Lin Zexu was sent to Canton, the chief trading port of the East India Company, with instructions to negotiate an end to the importation of opium into China. The English merchants were uncooperative, so he seized their stores of opium. This led to immediate military action. The Chinese were decisively defeated and had to cede to a humiliating treaty that legalized t